The Chicago Manual focuses more on how to display one's own original research findings than on citing data from other sources. When using data from other sources, be sure to still follow these rules:
Position the figure or table within the body of your assignment
Number tables and figures consecutively as they appear in your assignment
Example: Table 1, Table 2, Figure 1, Figure 2
In text, identify the tables and figures by number (ie. "in figure 1") rather than by location (ie. "below")
Your professor may have different citing expectations than library staff. Always check at the beginning of term and before starting assignments that the citing rules you are using are appropriate for your class.