Personal Communications
The Basics
Personal communications include any unpublished (or informally published) content that cannot be retrieved by others. Examples include interviews (that have not been published), conversations, emails, and text messages. To cite class material, please review the guidelines for Lecture Notes & Class Materials.
Examples
Last Name of Interviewee, First Name of Interviewee. Type of communication. Conducted by First Name Last Name of Interviewer, date.
|
Works Cited |
In-Text Citation |
|
|---|---|---|
|
Interview
|
Interview conducted by you: Smith, John. Personal interview with the author. 20 July 2022. Interview conducted by someone else: Smith, John. Interview. Conducted by Nicola Jakobsen, 20 July 2022. |
(Smith) |
|
Text message sent to you |
Wilder, Nadine. Text message to the author. 1 Aug. 2022. |
(Wilder) |
|
Email not sent to you |
Patel, P. Email to Sheridan Library. 15 June 2022. |
(Patel) |
How to cite
Additional resources can be found on the MLA Style Center and Purdue Owl.
