Academic Writer
Creating your reference list
Reference Elements
Learn about the four elements of an APA Style reference: the author, date, title, and source.
Academic Writer
© 2020 American Psychological Association.
Citing your sources in text
Citing References in Text
Learn how to cite references in the text, including how to implement the basic in-text citation formats, cite multiple works, achieve clarity, and format in-text citations with missing author and/or date information.
Academic Writer
© 2020 American Psychological Association.
Avoiding Plagiarism with In-Text Citations
How to Avoid Plagiarism and Self-Plagiarism
Learn how to avoid plagiarism and self-plagiarism, including how to identify plagiarism, understand its risks and consequences, cite sources properly, and develop sound writing practices.
Academic Writer
© 2020 American Psychological Association.
Citing Personal Communications (interview, phone call, etc.)
Personal Communications
Learn how to cite personal communications, including emails, classroom lectures, personal interviews, text messages, letters, and telephone conversations, as well as how to cite or discuss other types of interviews, such as recoverable interviews or research participant interviews that serve as a data source for your study.
Academic Writer
© 2020 American Psychological Association.
Direct quotations & paraphrasing
Direct Quotations and Paraphrases
Learn how to cite and format direct quotations, including short quotations and block quotations; make and indicate changes to quotations; and cite paraphrased material.
Academic Writer
© 2020 American Psychological Association.
