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AMA Style Guide

In-Text Citations

AMA Style requires in-text citations that consist of numbered superscripts.

Example 1:

Among journalists, plagiarism has become a well known issue.  In fact, to a certain extent, “Every journalist lives in fear of inadvertent plagiarism (only idiots do it deliberately).”1

Example 2:

Renzetti2 attributes the rise in inadvertent plagiarism to a number of key developments. First, she claims that the widespread availability of technology has created a “mash-up generation” that assumes everything is free game. In addition, she states that …

SUPERSCRIPTS PLACEMENT

When you quote, paraphrase, or summarize an author’s work, an in-text citation should appear in your research paper as a superscript Arabic numeral. Refer to section 3.6 (p. 64) in the AMA Manual of Style. Superscripts should appear outside of periods and commas, but inside colons and semicolons.

Example:

Johnson et al.,1 described that...

Multiple studies show that...2-5

Several research studies showed that...6,8

 

PAGE NUMBERS IN-TEXT

According to section 3.6 (p. 64) in the AMA Manual of Style, you can refer to specific page numbers within the superscript citation.

Example:

Smith3(pp50-52) reported that...

 

AUTHOR(S) MENTION IN-TEXT?

If the source (book, article, website, etc.) has more than 2 authors, list the first author followed by the words “et al”. Please see section 3.7 (p. 65) in the AMA Manual of Style for more information.

Example:

2 authors in-text: According to Smith and Mathews,3 the research shows...
More than 2 authors in-text: Smith et al4 reported that….