There are many different metadata standards available for different disciplines, including:
DDI (Data Documentation Initiative) - common standard for social, behavioral and economic sciences, including survey data
Dublin Core - domain agnostic, basic and widely used metadata standard
ISO 19115 and FGDC-CSDGM (Federal Geographic Data Committee's Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata) - for describing geospatial information
To find more subject specific metadata standards visit: