Oral Communications with Indigenous Elders & Knowledge Keepers
The Basics
The modified version presented here in the spirit of reconciliation was created by librarian Lorisia MacLeod of James Smith Cree Nation in partnership with the staff of the NorQuest College Indigenous Student Centre. We thank them for sharing the templates. For more information on the development and rationale of these templates please see:
Remember to follow protocols when asking Elders and Knowledge Keepers for their time and knowledge. If you are unsure of the protocol, ask in advance.
For Indigenous knowledge that has been published in a retrievable format (e.g., book, video, or audio), use the in-text and reference rules for that type of source. Please remember, your professor may have different citing expectations than library staff. Always check at the beginning of term and before starting assignments.
Modified APA Example
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General Reference Only use this example for non-retrievable oral communications with Indigenous Elders & Knowledge Keepers. Use in-text citation guidelines. |
Last name, First initial., Nation/Community. Treaty Territory if applicable. Where they live if applicable. Topic/subject of communication if applicable. personal communication. Month Date, Year. |
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Cardinal, D., Goodfish Lake Cree Nation. Treaty 6. Lives in Edmonton. Oral teaching. personal communication. April 4, 2004. |
This modified example was created by NorQuest College Library licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution - Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.
